List of antibiotics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior.
Antibiotics, also called antibacterials. This means the combined effect of two antibiotics from separate groups can be less than a single antibiotic. However, this can vary depending on the species of bacteria. [48. Antibiotics and Their Types, Uses and Side Effects By Yury Bayarski An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes anti-viral. Types of Antibiotics. Although there are well over 100 antibiotics, the majority come from only a few types of drugs. These are the main classes of antibiotics. Penicillins such as penicillin and amoxicillin.
Names’. This can be confusing. However, the most important antibiotics fall into a few major groups: antibiotic group examples of brand names see (generic name) brand names in your area page (write in) PENICILLINS Pen-V-K 350. These antibiotics are easy-to-take, cheap and popular in the treatment of urinary tract infections, intestinal infections, biliary tract infections, bone and joint infections, many sexually transmitted infections etc. They are. Antibiotics: Types and Side Effects. What are Antibiotics? Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics classification; Penicillins. Antibiotics within a structural class will generally have similar patterns of effectiveness.
In practice, both can effectively treat a bacterial infection.[1]By coverage[edit]The following are lists of antibiotics for specific microbial coverage. Antibiotics that cover methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Pseudomonas aeruginosa[edit]Antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Antibiotics that cover vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus (VRE): By class[edit]See also pathogenic bacteria for a list of antibiotics sorted by target bacteria.
Antibiotics by class. Generic name. Brand names.
Common uses[3]Possible side effects[3]Mechanism of action. Aminoglycosides. Amikacin.
Amikin. Infections caused by Gram- negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and tularemia.
All aminoglycosides are ineffective when taken orally as the stomach will digest the drug before it goes into the bloodstream. However aminoglycosides are effective in Intravenous, intramuscular and topical forms. Binding to the bacterial 3. Sribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 5. S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl- t. RNA from the A- site to the P- site and also causing misreading of m. RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
Gentamicin. Garamycin. Kanamycin. Kantrex. Neomycin. Neo- Fradin[4]Netilmicin. Netromycin. Tobramycin. Nebcin. Paromomycin.
Humatin. Streptomycin. Tuberculosis. Spectinomycin(Bs)Trobicin.
Gonorrhea. Ansamycins. Geldanamycin. Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics. Herbimycin. Rifaximin. Xifaxan. Traveler's diarrhea caused by E. Carbacephem. Loracarbef. Lorabid. Discontinuedprevents bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Carbapenems. Ertapenem.
Invanz. Bactericidal for both Gram- positive and Gram- negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad- spectrum antibacterial coverage. Note MRSA resistance to this class.)Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea. Nausea. Seizures. Headache. Rash and allergic reactions. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Doripenem. Doribax. Imipenem/Cilastatin.
Primaxin. Meropenem. Merrem. Cephalosporins (First generation)Cefadroxil. Duricef. Good coverage against Gram- positive infections.
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea. Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)Allergic reactions. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
Cefazolin. Ancef. Cefalotin or Cefalothin. Keflin (discontinued)Cefalexin. Keflex. Cephalosporins (Second generation)Cefaclor. Distaclor. Less Gram- positive cover, improved Gram- negative cover. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea.
Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)Allergic reactions. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cefamandole. Mandol (discontinued)Cefoxitin. Mefoxin (discontinued)Cefprozil. Cefzil. Cefuroxime. Ceftin, Zinnat (UK)Cephalosporins (Third generation)Cefixime (antagonistic with Chloramphenicol)[5]Cefspan (Fujisawa)Improved coverage of Gram- negative organisms, except Pseudomonas. Reduced Gram- positive cover.
But still not cover Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea. Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)Allergic reactions. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cefdinir. Omnicef, Cefdiel. Cefditoren. Spectracef, Meiact.
Cefoperazone [Unlike most third- generation agents, cefoperazone is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa], combination Cefoperazone with Sulbactam makes more effective antibiotic, because Sulbactam avoid degeneration of Cefoperazone. Cefobid (discontinued)Cefotaxime. Claforan. Cefpodoxime. Vantin. Ceftazidime (Unlike most third- generation agents, ceftazidime is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but less active against Staphylococci and Streptococci compare to other 3rd generation of cephalosporins)Fortaz. Ceftibuten. Cedax. Ceftizoxime. Cefizox (discontinued)Ceftriaxone (IV and IM, not orally, effective also for syphilis and uncomplicated gonorrhea)Rocephin.
Cephalosporins (Fourth generation)Cefepime. Maxipime. Covers pseudomonal infections. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea.
Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)Allergic reactions. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cephalosporins (Fifth generation)Ceftaroline fosamil. Teflaro. Used to treat MRSAGastrointestinal upset and diarrhea. Allergic reaction. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Ceftobiprole. Zeftera.
Used to treat MRSA (methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus), penicillin- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea.
Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)Allergic reactions. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Glycopeptides. Teicoplanin. Targocid (UK)Active against aerobic and anaerobic Gram- positive bacteria including MRSA; Vancomycin is used orally for the treatment of C. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. Vancomycin. Vancocin. Telavancin. Vibativ.
Dalbavancin. Dalvance. Oritavancin. Orbactiv. Lincosamides(Bs)Clindamycin. Cleocin. Serious staph- , pneumo- , and streptococcal infections in penicillin- allergic patients, also anaerobic infections; clindamycin topically for acne. Possible C. difficile- related pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Binds to 5. 0S subunit of bacterial ribosomal RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.
Lincomycin. Lincocin. Lipopeptide. Daptomycin. Cubicin. Gram- positive organisms, but is inhibited by pulmonary surfactant so less effective against pneumonias. Binds to the membrane and cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis. Macrolides(Bs)Azithromycin. Zithromax, Sumamed, Xithrone. Streptococcal infections, syphilis, upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, mycoplasmal infections, Lyme disease.
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)Prolonged cardiac QT interval (especially erythromycin)Hearing loss (especially at higher doses)Jaundice. Inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 5.
S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl t. RNA. Clarithromycin. Biaxin. Dirithromycin. Dynabac (discontinued)Erythromycin. Erythocin, Erythroped. Roxithromycin. Troleandomycin.
Tao (discontinued)Telithromycin. Ketek. Pneumonia. Visual Disturbance, Liver Toxicity.[6]Spiramycin. Rovamycine. Mouth infections.
Monobactams. Aztreonam. Azactam. Gram- negative bacteria. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Nitrofurans. Furazolidone. Furoxone. Bacterial or protozoaldiarrhea or enteritis.
Nitrofurantoin(Bs)Macrodantin, Macrobid. Urinary tract infections.
Oxazolidinones(Bs)Linezolid. Zyvox. VRSAProtein synthesis inhibitor; prevents the initiation step. Posizolid. Phase II clinical trials. Radezolid. Phase II clinical trials. Torezolid. Phase II clinical trials. Penicillins. Amoxicillin.
Novamox, Amoxil. Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease. Same mode of action as other beta- lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Ampicillin. Principen (discontinued)Azlocillin.
Carbenicillin. Geocillin (discontinued)Cloxacillin. Tegopen (discontinued)Dicloxacillin. Dynapen (discontinued)Flucloxacillin. Floxapen (Sold to European generics Actavis Group)Mezlocillin.
Mezlin (discontinued)Methicillin. Staphcillin (discontinued)Nafcillin. Unipen (discontinued)Oxacillin. Prostaphlin (discontinued)Penicillin GPentids (discontinued)Penicillin VVeetids (Pen- Vee- K) (discontinued)Piperacillin. Pipracil (discontinued)Penicillin GPfizerpen. Temocillin. Negaban (UK) (discontinued)Ticarcillin.
Ticar (discontinued)Penicillin combinations. Amoxicillin/clavulanate. Augmentin. Both Amoxicillin/clavulanate and Ampicillin/sulbactam are effective against non- recurrent acute otitis media.[7] Amoxicillin/clavulanate is one of the few oral antibiotics effective against skin and soft tissue infections. Not to be given to children less than 4.
The second component prevents bacterial resistance to the first component. Ampicillin/sulbactam. Unasyn. Piperacillin/tazobactam. Zosyn. Ticarcillin/clavulanate. Timentin. Polypeptides. Bacitracin. Eye, ear or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the eye or inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection, although the use of intravenous colistin is experiencing a resurgence due to the emergence of multi drug resistant organisms. Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule that carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane[9]Colistin.
Coly- Mycin- SInteract with the Gram- negative bacterial outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane, displacing bacterial counterions, which destabilizes the outer membrane. Act like a detergent against the cytoplasmic membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution.
Polymyxin BQuinolones/Fluoroquinolone. Ciprofloxacin. Cipro, Ciproxin, Ciprobay.